Port Competition through Hinterland Connectivity—A Case Study for Potential Hinterland Scope in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) Regarding an Environmental Policy Measure
نویسندگان
چکیده
Comparable port efficiency among ports of the European northern range leads to a competitive shift toward hinterland connectivity. North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), having high population and industry density an extensive road, rail waterway network, is prone such inter competition due its proximity. Using simulation model, potential scope by each mode in NRW depicted sensitivity analysis with increasing carbon tax rates conducted. With rate, for central areas NRW, transport, expands become heavily contested multiple ports. A major profiteer increase projected be Port Rotterdam good connectivity at cost Antwerp. The market share German likely stay same occurring. Policy measures like not only have effect on environmentally friendly but can severely impact situation infrastructure components. While achieving primary goal transport sustainability, national interests might mandate economical existence functioning maritime port, which consideration additional when rates.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Sustainability
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['2071-1050']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031980